Payment for Ecosystem ServicesAfrican Wildlife FoundationKathleen H. Fitzgerald, VP Conservation StrategyWILD 10—October 2013

AWF MissionWork together with the people of Africa to ensure that wildlife and wild lands of Africa endure forever.

AWF ProgramsApplied conservation science & researchLand & habitat conservationConservation enterpriseClimate changeCapacity & leadership developmentConservation SchoolsPolicy

Land and Habitat ConservationGoal: Secure land to protect key wildlife habitats, core areas and corridorsTools and approaches used Support to Protected AreasParticipatory Land Use Planning and Zoning in Community areasDirect PurchaseApplication of Legal and Economic Instruments e.g. LeasesLand policy AdvocacyForest Conservation Including REDD and Other Carbon InstrumentsEstablish Land Conservation TrustsPayment for Ecosystem Services REDD, Voluntary Carbon Easement

Conservation EnterpriseA commercial activity that generates economic benefits in a way that supports the attainment of a conservation objective. Commercial success; conservation impact; and livelihood impact.

Payment for Ecosystem Services

1. a voluntary transaction where2. a well-defined ES (or a land-use likely to secure that service)3. is being ‘bought’ by a (minimum one) ES buyer4. from a (minimum one) ES provider5. if and only if the ES provider secures ES provision (conditionality).Payment for Ecosystem Services: DefinitionWunder, Sven, 2005

1. Carbon sequestration and storage 2. Biodiversity 3. Watershed 4. Landscape beauty Types of Payment for Ecosystem ServicesWunder, Sven, 2005

Amboseli Ecosystem

Critical Elephant Corridor and Dispersal Area

Sub-divided Landscape

Arid Landscape

Avoided Cost: Services that allow society to avoid costs that would have been incurred in the absence of those services. (flood control)Replacement Cost: Services could be replaced by human-made systems; (natural waste treatment by wetlands replaced by an artificial treatment system.)Factor Income: Some ecosystem services enhance incomes; ie. natural water quality improvements that increase commercial fisheries catch. Hedonic Pricing: Service demand may be reflected in the prices people will pay for associated goods; (housing prices at beaches.) (DeGroot et al. 2002)Willingness to Pay or Willingness to Accept compensation.  PES Valuation

PES: Biodiversity Protection350 LandownersGood governance25,000 acresLegal MechanismFPIC500 KSH/acre2.5% annual increaseDirect DepositSpin-off EnterpriseEmploymentCommunity Monitoring

ChallengesLong Term SustainabilityAnnual PaymentTitle and Shifting ParcelsCompetitionCan Not Benefit AllEveryone Can Not Have a LodgeAllocation of Parcels

REDD: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation & Forest Degradation

REDD

Alternatives

ChallengesLegal StructureTime LagChanging Study SiteIts Not All About MoneyCostGIS Requirements

www.awf.org kfitzgerald@awfke.org