© Gunda W. C. – 2017HISTORY DIRECTORY LIST OF DEFINITIONS

© Gunda W. C. – 2017DEFINITIONS Anthropologist - Studies the history of human culture and development Archaeologist - Studies remains to learn about events from the past Assegai - Ngoni short stabbing spears first adopted by East African Societies Assimilation - A policy aimed at promoting the French language, culture and work ethic in French colonies to weaken African resistance and strengthen their rule in the colonies COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) - Free trade agreement between 19 countries in Africa, formed in 1994

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Devonshire White Paper - Declared officially in 1923 that in Kenya, the concerns of Africans were "paramount", even when they conflicted with the needs of whites Dynasty - Family of rulers in which the right to rule passes within the family from father to children Feudalism - A system in which kings and noblemen hold territory that is granted to peasants or serfs, in Africa during the interlucastrine period it was private ownership of land and cattle FRELIMO - Group that fought for independence of Mozambique from Portugal from 1964-1975

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .HABITAT - United Nations agency responsible for human settlement History - Human activities against nature and production relations are fully understood through this subject IBEACO - British East Africa Company, founded in 1886 by William Macknon Indirect Rule - Used by the British in West Africa and Uganda by using traditional African institutions to manage the affairs of colonized peoples such as local chiefs International African Association - Launched by King Leopold to spearhead the colonization of the Congo in 1876

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Kayamaghan - The title given to the King of Ghana meaning “Master of Gold” Koumbi Saleh - Found in modern day Mauritania, was the former capital of the Ghana Empire destroyed in 1076 by Berber raiders Liberia and Sierra Leone - Settlements of freed slaves Lukiko - The Kabaka’s council and court of appeal in the Buganda Kingdom of Uganda Matrilineal - A system where people trace their ancestors and inherit property through mothers Microlith - Smaller, refined stone tools made by man during the Middle Stone Age Monarchy - A political system by which a king or queen occupies a throne

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Monetization - Changing from a barter economy to one based on the use of money Moresby Treaty - Made it illegal to sell slaves from East Africa to Christian countries Myths - Traditional stories about the past Nationalist Parties - Parties formed by Africans during colonialism with the aim of fighting colonialism in order to gain political independence Native Authority Ordinance of 1921 - Segregation act in South Africa which preceded Apartheid Neolithic Revolution - Entailed domestication of plants and animals, occurred in the Late Stone Age

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .NEPAD - A political and economic programme which aims at promoting democracy, stability, good governance and economic development in Africa Non-Alignment Movement - Main aim was to balance the influence of the two superpowersOral Tradition - Historical information is passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation Preservation - A policy used by the British in the establishment of the colonial economy which aimed to retain some pre-colonial African structure/elements

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Resistance - A phenomenon of hostility whereby societies react against imposition of colonial rule SADC (Southern African Development Community) - Goal is to further economic and social cooperation and integration among southern African countries Slave Trade - Transaction of buying and selling humans as commodities Soweto Massacre - The event which marked the end of peaceful protests by African nationalists in South Africa in 1976

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .The Commonwealth - A worldwide association of countries that were once colonies of Britain who share common commitments to promoting human rights, democracy and economic development The Dutch East India Company - The first trading company which set a regular supply station at the cape. Transatlantic Slave Trade (Triangular Slave Trade) - Trade between Americas, Europe and Africa exchanging goods, raw materials and slaves Treaty of Ucciali - Treaty in 1889 by King Melenik of Ethiopia ceding land to Italy which is now Eritrea

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Treaty of Versailles - Treaty signed in Paris France in 1919 between Allied powers and Germany ending World War I Ubugabire - An exploitative relation between the cattle owning Tutsi and Hutu agriculturalists in Rwanda Ujamaa Villages - Tanzanian attempt to increase food production and cash crops UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) - Responsible for literacy, historical sites, and culture UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) - United Nations agency responsible for refugees

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .Voortekker - The Boer’s exodus from the cape Zijanthropus - Had massive teeth which were used for grinding food, early ancestor of man from the Early Stone Age