© Gunda W. C. – 2017HISTORY DIRECTORY HISTORICAL DATES & TIME PERIODS

© Gunda W. C. – 2017DATES1487 - Bartholomew Diaz passes the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa 1497 - Vasco Da Gama reaches India, sent by Henry the Navigator of Portugal 1498 - Christopher Columbus discovers the sea route to America 1503 - Zanzibar attacked by the Portuguese 1505 - Portuguese explorer Francisco D’Almeida subdued Kilwa, Sofala and Mombasa 1507 - Mozambique becomes the headquarters of the Portuguese in East Africa

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1580 - Sir Francis Drake became the first British man to round the cape 1593 - Fort Jesus is built by the Portuguese in Mombasa 1652 - Jan van Riebeeck establishes a Dutch post at the Cape of Good Hope 1698 - Capture of Fort Jesus by Arabs, Portuguese lose the fort 1698 - Zanzibar comes under control of the Sultan of Oman, Portuguese are defeated 1700 - The end of Portuguese dominance in East Africa 1776 - American Independence

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1789 - French Revolution 1800 - Coming of the Ngoni to East Africa 1807 - The British passed a law which abolished the slave trade by its subjects 1822 - A settlement for several thousands freed slaves was founded at Monrovia, Liberia 1822 - Moresby Treaty discussed 1840 - Sultan of Oman moves his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar 1846 - Johann Krapf opened the first mission station at Rabai in Mombasa 1859 - Darwin proposes the theory of evolution through natural selection 1870/1871 - Franco-Prussian war

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1871 - Henry Stanley finds Dr. Livingstone near Lake Tanganyika 1873 - Slave market closed in Zanzibar 1875 - Discovery of gold in South Africa 1876 - International African Association is created by King Leopold to develop the Congo Free State 1879 - End of slave trade in East Africa, replaced with normal trade 1884/1885 - Berlin Conference, aimed to prevent war between Europeans over African colonies 1885 - Start of German East Africa 1890 - Beginning of British rule in Zanzibar

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1890 - Helgoland treaty between British and Germans for control of Zanzibar by the British 1893 - Death of Isike 1896/1897 - Chimurenga War in Southern Rhodesia by Shona and Ndebele tribes 1900 - Buganda Agreement 1900 - The War of the Golden Stool (Ashanti Uprising) in Ghana by the Ashanti tribe against British rule 1907 - Uganda Railway reached Lake Victoria 1917 - Russian Revolution

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1919 - End of German colonial rule of East Africa due to their loss in WWI1919 - Formation of the League of Nations due to the end of WWI 1919 - Formation of the Nazi party in Germany 1920 - Bataka Movement and the Young Buganda Association started in Uganda 1921 - Founding of African National Congress (ANC) 1921 - Young Kikuyu Organization was formed 1922 - Formation of Tanganyika Territory Civil Servant Association (TTCSA) 1922 - Tanganyika African Civil Service Association (TTACSA) was founded by Martin Kayamba in Tanga

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1923 - Devonshire white paper released 1929 - Great Depression begins with the stock market crash 1929 - Tanganyika Africa Association (TAA) is formed 1939 - Italians were defeated by Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II 1945 - Dr. Kwame Nkurumah at the Manchester Conference first proposes an African union 1945 - End of World War 2 1945 - World Bank opens 1946 - Burns Constitution (Gold Coast Constitution) is written in Ghana, Africans allowed into legislature

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1947 - Independence of India and Pakistan 1947 - Marshall Plan started which was introduced to rebuild the European economy after WWII 1947 - Sukuma Development Scheme commences 1948 - Apartheid policy was officially announced in South Africa 1948 - The national party in South Africa won and gave the Afrikaners complete political power 1952 - Jomo Kenyatta is arrested, becomes 1st Prime Minister/President of Kenya in 1963/1964

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1954 - Birth of Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) 1954 - Mkwawa’s head was returned from Germany 1957 - Independence of Ghana under Dr. Kwame Nkrumah 1959 - Dr. Louis Leakey discovered the skull of Dryopithecus on Rusinga Island 1960 - The Sharpeville massacre in South Africa 1962 - Uganda got partial independence, flag independence, not yet real independence

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1963 - End of British colonial rule in Zanzibar, left the Sultan of Oman as the Head of State 1963 - Formation of OAU in Addis Ababa 1964 - Armed struggle started in Mozambique by FRELIMO 1964 - Jan 12, revolution of Zanzibar began 1965 - Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) under Ian Smith 1967 - Policies of socialism and self-reliance are introduced to Tanzania 1969 - Suez Canal was opened 1973/1974 - Oil crisis

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1974/1975 - Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and Angola gain independence from Portugal 1975 - Angolan civil war begins 1976 - Soweto Massacre in South Africa 1980s - Introduction of SAP (Structural Adjustment Programmes) in Tanzania 1982 - Tanzania adopts National Economic Survival Program 1989 - Collapse of the Soviet Union and Soviet Bloc 1990 - Nelson Mandela released from Robben Island 1992 - Introduction of multi party system in Tanzania

© Gunda W. C. – 2017Continue . . .1994 - Genocide in Rwanda 1994 - Nelson Mandela becomes President of South Africa 1994 - The first election in South Africa and South Africa becomes an independent state 1995 - Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG) was formed 2001 - The OAU changed to the African Union

© Gunda W. C. – 2017TIME PERIODS 15th Century - Slave trade was first introduced in West Africa 1834-1854 - Boer Trek 1885-1919 - Period of German colonial rule in East Africa 1895-1905 - Nandi Rebellion 1891-1898 - Hehe resistance 1905-1907 - Maji Maji Rebellion 1914-1918 - World War 1 1929-1940 - Great Depression (Great Economic Crisis) 1939-1945 - World War 2 1952-1960 - Mau Mau war begins 19th Century - Slave trade spreads to East Africa