© Gunda W. C. – 2017CIVICS DIRECTORY FOR FORM ONE

SUBJECT MATTERS TO COVER © Gunda W. C. – 2017Our nation Components of our nation The national symbols Promotion of life skills Meaning and types Human rights Aspects of human rights Limitations of individual human rights Human rights abuse Responsible citizenship Concept of citizenship Citizenship responsibilities Responsibilities to special groups including HIV/AIDS victims Work The concept of work Importance of work Family life Courtship and marriage The concept of family Rights and responsibilities of family members Proper behaviour and responsible decision making Meaning and types of behaviour Elements of proper behaviour Responsible decision making Road safety education Importance of road/traffic signs Causes of road accidents Prevention of road accidents

1. OUR NATION © Gunda W. C. – 2017 COMPONENTS OF OUR NATION Civics - Is the subject which deals with the study of duties, rights and responsibilities of citizens in a country Nation - A large group or community of people living together in a defined geographical area Nationalism - Is the political will of a nation to unite and fight against foreign rule with the intention of ruling themselves National Language - Is the language which has been chosen and accepted to be used in national matters Language - Is a learned, shared and arbitrary system of vocal or written symbols through which human beings communicate with one another

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Components of a nation - Government, people, territory Symbols of national sovereignty - National flag, coat of arms, currency, constitution Factors affecting national sovereignty - Pressure groups, conflicts, civil wars, poverty Importance of the National Flag to Tanzania - Symbol of the nation, shows national independence and sovereignty, a seal of the president and government, state symbol for the president/country/citizens, symbol of unity and freedom , symbol of nationality and Tanzanian culture, used during unfortunate events like the death of a state leader Factors promoting national integrity in Tanzania - Secularism, Kiswahili, Arusha declaration, monopartyism

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Benefits of being identified as a citizen of a country - Helps people in the provision of social services, legal way of being recognized as a real citizen, given rights under the law, you are able to be employed in the country, nation can defend you from violence or war Promotion of national unity is enhanced by - Sports/games, traditions, customs, national language, intermarriage The union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar was influenced by their desires for security

THE NATIONAL SYMBOLS © Gunda W. C. – 2017National Symbols - These are things which identify the country as independent and sovereign Examples of national symbols - National flag, coat of arms, national currency, national constitution, national anthem Tanzanian flag colours represent - Black - skin, yellow - minerals, blue - water, green - vegetation The seal of the government is the coat of arms Coat of arms and national emblem are the same

2. PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS © Gunda W. C. – 2017 MEANING AND TYPES Life Skills - Is the mental knowledge and ability applied by an individual to control themselves and their environment in a beneficial way List of life skills - Self esteem, assertiveness, problem solving, self awareness, thinking, meditation, arguing well, decision making, planning, determination, good relationships Sources of life skills - Parents, government, religion, school Communication - Is the process which involves the transferring of information from one person to another Creative Thinking - The ability to find new ways to solve problems Decision Making - The ability to select a course of action among possible alternatives

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Self-confidence - Having confidence in ones own capability to succeed in their actions Skimming for Reading - The process of reading quickly to get the main point of the paragraph or article Team - Comprises of a group of people linked in a common purpose Teamwork - The situation whereby people work well together while doing a particular activity Group - A number of people having some relation to one another Six classes of drugs - Opiates, sedative-hypnotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabis, inhalants Problems of drug use - addiction/dependence, acute health problems, dropping out of school, reduces country’s workforce, family conflict, suicide, crime/illegal business, irresponsible sexual behavior

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) - A syndrome that develops after a person has been infected with the HIV virus caused by the virus attacking and weakening the human immune system which has no known cure Symptoms of HIV - Frequent diarrhea, high fever, vomiting, skin diseases, body weaknessHIV can be prevented through the following ways - Being faithful, practicing safe sex, using a condom correctly every time, using sterilized needles, using clean blood for blood transfusions

3. HUMAN RIGHTS© Gunda W. C. – 2017 ASPECTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Human Rights - Are basic moral rights that all human beings are born with, they are not granted or given or removed by anybody Examples of human rights - Right to life, right to own property, right to vote and be voted for, freedom of expression and association, freedom of worship, right to education, right to social services, freedom of movement Abuse of Power - Violation of the law or constitution of the country Amnesty International - UN’s agency for human rights Freedoms - Of association, of assembly, of expression Basic needs of any human - Food, shelter, clothes Moral Rights - Are rights which are not included officially in the law of the country and one can not claim them in the court of law

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Moral, social, and cultural rights - Are rights which are not included officially in the law of the country and one cannot claim them in a court of law Pan Africanism - Brought human rights/freedoms/equality/democracy to Africa Importance of Human rights - Helps to bring equality, avoid discrimination and oppression, helps in the provision of social services, helps in the provision of employment, improves standard of living in the country, brings more freedom to the citizens Steps taken by the government of Tanzania in promoting human rights in the country - Establishment of NGOs, establishment of a human rights commission, mass education on the importance of promoting and preserving human rights, punishing those who violate human rights, promoting and maintaining defense and security

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Example of economic rights - To own property Tanzanian institutions responsible for promoting or protecting human rights - TAMWA, TAWLA, TGNP, Haki Elimu, Judiciary, Tanzania Society of the Lawyers, TUCTA Reproductive right is a legal right, whereas the right to life is a constitutional right

LIMITATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN RIGHTS © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Arson - Unlawful setting of fire of structures or buildings Bail - The release by the police or court of a person held in legal custody while awaiting trial or appealing against criminal conviction Defendant - A person against whom court proceedings are brought Laws - Are formulations of rule of behavior enforced by a special authority Plaintiff - A person applying for relief against another person in an action suit, petition Prosecutor - A person who brings a case to court Rape - Unlawful sexual act by a man without a woman’s consent Rule of Law - Laws should be enforced equally, fairly and consistently to all

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 Causes of crime in Tanzania - Poverty, lack of education, growing population, ineffective police protection, little chance of being caught or punished Why there are higher crime rates in cities - Overpopulation, higher unemployment, poverty, weakening of moral values Ways to reduce crime in the country - Create employment opportunities, improve & strengthen police protection, provision of effective punishments to criminals, provision of proper education The punishment for manslaughter is life imprisonment HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE Human Rights Abuse - Are all actions which when practiced by people or governments which violate human rights (ex. beating women, raping, killing old people, forced marriage)

4. RESPONSIBLE CITIZENSHIP© Gunda W. C. – 2017 CONCEPT OF CITIZENSHIP Citizen - A person who is accepted and belongs to the a particular country Citizenship - A condition or state of being a citizen of a particular country CITIZENSHIP RESPONSIBILITIESResponsibilities of a good citizen - Duty to respect other peoples rights, duty to watch & give opinions on government process/activities, voting, paying taxes, working, participating in community activities Ways of acquiring citizenship in Tanzania - Birth, by descent, by registration

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 RESPONSIBILITIES TO SPECIAL GROUPS INCLUDING HIV/AIDS VICTIMS Responsibilities to HIV/AIDS victims - Not to isolate them (stigmatization), advise them to attend treatment at medical centers, to advise them to attend counseling and guidance, to provide them with a balanced diet

5. WORK © Gunda W. C. – 2017 THE CONCEPT OF WORK Work - Man’s purposeful activity in the production of goods or services or the use of physical strength and mental skills in the making of things or providing services. (ex. farming, fishing, carpentry, trading, teaching, nursing, brick making, livestock keeping, etc) Types of work - Physical work (ex. brick making), mental work (ex. teaching) IMPORTANCE OF WORK Importance of work - Source of income, provides humans with basic needs like food/shelter/clothes, prevention of crime, advancement in science and technology, source of foreign exchange

6. FAMILY LIFE © Gunda W. C. – 2017 COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE Adolescent - A transitional stage of physical and mental human development between puberty and adulthood Courtship - Before marriage a man and a woman pass through this period Marriage - Legally bonded relationship between a man and a woman as husband and wife Three types of marriage - Traditional, religious, and civil marriage To establish a civil marriage - Approval by district commissioner (DC) To establish a traditional marriage - Use of traditional laws To establish a religious marriage - Use religious customs

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Adoption - A situation where parents keep children lawfully who are not their offspring Family Planning - Is the planning of when to have children and how many children to have Polyandry - Two or more husbands at the same time Monogamy - A marriage involving only one husband or wife Polygamy - A marriage involving two or more wives or husbands THE CONCEPT OF FAMILY Nuclear family - Father, mother (wives), children Importance of family - Teaches us good morals & code of conduct, gives us identity, teaches us patriotism, we learn love and care for one another, it is a source of basic education, it gives us knowledge about state, government and ideologies

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF FAMILY MEMBERS Responsibilities of a father - To make decisions as the head of family, organize family activities, providing security for the family, to teach children customs and traditions, to maintain family discipline and peace, provide requirements to family members (food/clothes/shelter) Responsibilities of a mother - Organizes family activities, giving birth and providing parental care, taking care of husband and children, assist the father in running the family, a bridge of love between parents and children Responsibilities of children - To assist with domestic work, a bond of love and joy in a family, assisting in taking care of younger brothers and sisters

7. PROPER BEHAVIOUR AND RESPONSIBLE DECISION MAKING© Gunda W. C. – 2017 MEANING AND TYPES OF BEHAVIOUR Behaviour - The way one acts towards other people Types of behaviour - Proper, improperELEMENTS OF PROPER BEHAVIOUR Elements of proper behaviour - Love, peace, respect, responsibility, cooperation Elements of improper behaviour - Aggression, segregation, violence, arrogance, excessive drunkenness, irresponsibility, use of abusive language, killing, stealing, raping, corruption

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017 RESPONSIBLE DECISION MAKING Responsible Decision Making - A process whereby every member of a society feels responsible to participate in planning, formulation of policies and implementation for development

8. ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION© Gunda W. C. – 2017 IMPORTANCE OF ROAD/TRAFFIC SIGNS Road - A prepared surface on which vehicles and pedestrians move from one place to another Road Safety - A state of being safe from dangers when using a road Road Traffic Signs - The symbols or marks used to instruct drivers what to do Importance of road traffic signs - Guide drivers where to go, warn drivers about corners, construction zones, people, minimize road accidents caused by speed, regulate traffic flow/speed, ensures safe driving and proper road usage Examples of road traffic signs - Zebra cross, slow down, stop, give way, no turn, no parking

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS Causes of road accidents - Excessive driving speed, drunkenness, not using a seatbelt, improper use of traffic lights, driving by unqualified drivers, poor road quality, talking on a mobile phone while driving PREVENTION OF ROAD ACCIDENTS Prevention of road accidents - Proper use of road traffic signs, being strict about driving speed, road maintenance, law enforcement, education about road traffic signs