© Gunda W. C. – 2017CIVICS DIRECTORY FOR FORM FOUR

SUBJECT MATTERS TO COVER© Gunda W. C. – 2017Culture Aspects of culture Positive and negative aspects of our cultural practices Promotion and preservation of good cultural practices Culture of preventative care and maintenance of personal and public property Using life skills Globalization Concept of globalization Effects of globalization Challenges of globalization

1. CULTURE© Gunda W. C. – 2017ASPECTS OF CULTURE Crafts - Material cultural products Customs – Refers to the short-lived patterns/systems of behaviour shared by the members of a society that can be directly observed like greetings, dressing style, foods etc Folk Way - True stories and beliefs used to guide society Culture - The totality of a peoples way of life as they struggle to live and develop as a society or a nation Myths - False stories that parents tell their children as oral tradition Intellectual Culture - A non material culture, enjoys books and arts Characteristics of culture - Adoptive, learned, symbolic, dynamic

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Purpose of learning culture in school - Culture gives identity as a nation, binds people together, encourages good morals/behavior, crafts provide households with basic items, initiation ceremonies prepare boys/girls for life ahead Significance of Kiswahili as a national language in Tanzania - Gives national identity, unifies Tanzanians, used as a medium of communication to the people, official language of the parliament and government, gives pride and self confidence to the citizens

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Colonial education had the following problems - Segregated women, supported racism, despised traditional beliefs and dances, encouraged individualism over community Antiquities - Important objects that have existed for a very long time Tribe - The group of people living in a particular area sharing common customs, traditions and race

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF OUR CULTURAL PRACTICES © Gunda W. C. – 2017Tanzanian traditions/customs which must be eradicated - Women’s genital mutilation, inheritance of widows, gender inequality, early and forced marriages Bad customs and traditions in our culture which can lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS - Fataki (intergenerational sex), inheritance of widows, female genital mutilation, early marriage, forced marriage, bride price, polygamy Effects of bad cultural practices in terms of poverty - Leads to the spread of HIV/AIDS, brings segregation/humiliation/oppression, leads to inequality and injustice, denial of social services, denies ownership of property, leads to killings/conflicts

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017PROMOTION AND PRESERVATION OF GOOD CULTURAL PRACTICES Importance of maintaining a culture in a country - Symbol of a nation, promotes peace and security, promotes unity/solidarity/cooperation, source of income (ex Maasai), pride and self worth of citizens, transfer knowledge, skills and abilities to new generations

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017CULTURE OF PREVENTATIVE CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF PERSONAL AND PUBLIC PROPERTY Merits of family planning in Tanzania - It assures availability of resources for children, it ensures reproductive health to the mother, it helps the family engage in economic activities, reduces risks of maternal and child deaths, reduces number of street children, reduces rapid population growth

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017USING LIFE SKILLS Using Life Skills - They are used in day to day activities so as to solve various problems that we face. It also helps people related well with others and shapes the behaviour of people so that they will be accepted by the society

2. GLOBALIZATION © Gunda W. C. – 2017CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION Globalization - The integration of regional economies, societies and cultures throughout the world Cooperation - Stabilization of the personal relationship between members of the society Free Market Economy - Is where people are free to engage in any type of economic activity Purpose of the East African union - Common market, increase agricultural and industrial products, encourage investors to move capital here, common passports, encourage production of commodities on a large scale, Common regulation/standardization boards and laws Areas of cooperation in East African countries - Trade, investments/industrial development, monetary/fiscal affairs, infrastructure/social services, free movement of people and goods, science/technology, agriculture/food security

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON TANZANIAN CULTURE© Gunda W. C. – 2017Positive - Respect of human rights and higher living standards, eradication of bad cultural beliefs/practices, integration of all cultural practices in the world, diffusion of good international beliefs like democracy and human rights, expansion of religious institutions Negative - Erosion of morals in the society, undermining of local languages and Kiswahili, eradication of cultural boundaries EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE ECONOMY OF TANZANIA Positive - Leads to effective utilization of natural resources, easy transportation and production of goods, creating employment opportunities, improves provision of social services Negative - Decline and underdevelopment of the industrial sector, decline of locally produced technology, influx of outside goods, presence of multinational companies, creates unemployment, causes environmental degradation

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017POLITICAL EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON TANZANIA Positive - Integration of Tanzania into global politics, formation of strong political organizations, promotion of the democratization process Negative - Global political disorder and terrorism, conflicts and chaos within the country How the establishment of the East African common market benefits Tanzania - It will facilitate economic competition, increase employment opportunities, free movement of goods and people, promote investment, development of industries Benefits of the World Economic forum on Africa held in Dar es Salaam 2010 for Tanzania - Helps attract foreign investors, develops positive relations with other countries, problems in Tanzania are openly discussed, opens trade barriers, to promote the country’s image State centered economy - Is an economic system where the government controls the economy

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Nationalization - The process of taking an industry or assets into the public ownership of a national government or state A major impact of SAP (Structural Adjustment Programmes) in African countries was the reduction of the work force The government of Tanzania decided to privatize public enterprises in order to improve efficiency and productivity Factors for land degradation in Tanzania - Improper farming methods, Overgrazing and overstocking, over-cultivation, bushfires, use of harmful chemicals, mining, urbanization How the problem of land degradation can be solved - Through soil conservation practices, prevention of fires, forest conservation, proper education

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION Negative effects of globalization - Promotes a foreign language, division of people, debilitated local industries/production, moral degradation, encouraging criminal acts/violence, unfair competition between industrialized and poor countries Positive effects of globalization - Acquire capital through foreign investment, education, new skills/technology, higher quality communications, connection to other humans, emphasis on human rights

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017NIEO (New International Economic Order) - An organization which wants to adjust the imbalances in the distribution of resources between rich and poor nations ECOWAS - Is the economic integration of West African States formed in 1975 Objectives of ECOWAS - Set up a customs union with reduction of import duties, enable free movement of people/capital/services, coordinate industrial development, harmonize agricultural policies Problems facing ECOWAS - West Africa is foreign oriented, less than 10% of trade is within ECOWAS, smuggling makes it difficult to regulate trade, French speaking countries formed Francophone West African States which divided ECOWAS, Economic and military dominance by Nigeria, Political instability in countries like Sierra Leone and Liberia, Different levels of economic development in each country

Continue . . . © Gunda W. C. – 2017Structure of the security council of the UN - It has 15 members, 5 are permanent US / France / China / Russia / UK) others are elected by UN General Assembly. Their function is to maintain international peace and security. Any permanent member of the Security Council can veto an action Problems faced by the Security Council in maintaining peace and order - Too passive in the pursuit of peace, US dominations of UN actions, failure to stop war, development of nuclear weapons continues MONUC - Is the peace keeping commission in DR Congo

DATES© Gunda W. C. – 2017May 1st - Workers Day June 16th - African Child Day in memory of the Soweto Massacre YEARS 1890 - The beginning of British rule in Zanzibar 1898 - Chief Mkwawa was saved 1926 - First legislative council in Tanganyika 1965 - Legal abolition of multiparty system in Tanzania 1965 - The interim constitution introduced a monoparty system 1972 - Local government authorities are established in Tanzania due to the parliamentary act of 1972 1975 - Formation of ECOWAS in West Africa 1980 - CEDAW (Convention for Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women) was formed 1999 - Lusaka Agreement international pact for peace in DR Congo 2000 - Marriage law passed in Tanzania to stop discrimination against women