CPS2-2 Security Through Environmental Design and Mitigating Risk of an Active ShooterChris Grollnek

ObjectivesWhat is an active shooter incident?Review & analysis of previous incidentsWhat is the response to these incidents by LEO’s?Recommendations for what you can do to harden your facility

Definition “An active shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms(s) and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims.”- The Department of Homeland Security

Three Elements of an Active ShooterAn incident that threatens to take lives or actually takes livesCauses substantial risk to the property or well being of a portion or all of a communityRequires the commitment of resources beyond those normally available

Profile No set profileNo two incidents are alikeSome common motives:Acting out of frustration or rageAttempting to correct a perceived wrong against themMental health issues or concerns

Goals of an Active ShooterDesire to kill Seriously injureLittle or no concern for their safetyNot worried about being capturedThreats are meaningless

StatisticsNot a new phenomenonNo geographic region is excludedMales account for 80% of offenders50% of attacks take place under 12 minutes48% of incidents ended by force (by police or by citizens)

FBI Analysis(154 Events between 2002-2012)General:96% males96% shooters acting alone51% deceased following the attackLocation:37% workplace17% academic settingMotivation:21% workplace retaliation14 % domestic dispute7 % academic retaliation40% no clear motivationConclusion:43% committed suicide8% were shot and killed by responders

Past Events

Empire State BuildingAugust 24, 2012Manhattan, New YorkShooter: Jeffrey T. Johnson2 killed, 9 wounded

Fort Hood (2014)April 3, 2014Killeen, TXShooter: Spc. Ivan Lopez3 killed, 11 wounded

UC Santa BarbaraMay 23, 2014Santa Barbara/Isla Vista, CaliforniaShooter: Elliot Rodger6 dead, 13 wounded

When First Responders & Police Arrive

“Situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly. Typically, the immediate deployment of law enforcement is required to stop the shooting and mitigate harm to victims.”- Department of Homeland Security

Evolution of Police ResponsePRE-COLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOLConventional responseEstablish perimeter and call SWATPOST-COLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOLUnconventional responseImmediate Action Rapid Deployment (IARD)

“Because active shooter situations are often over within 10-15 minutes, before law enforcement arrives on the scene, individuals must be prepared both mentally and physically to deal with an active situation.”- Department of Homeland Security

When Do You Activate Local Authorities?Known individuals with violent historyWeapons presentEMS needed due to co-worker assaultSuspicious activity - package or people Sounds of gunfire or explosionThink of any criminal activity outside of “regular” duties.

Police ResponseGoal is to locate, contain, and stop the shooterEveryone is considered a suspectDo not run towards the officersKeep your hands visible and respond to their commandsOfficers will engage with anyone that is armed or moves on them in what can be perceived an aggressive manner.If you are near the gunman when officers make entry:Drop as low as you can and stay thereKeep your hands visibleFollow their commands

Police Response Continued…Injured PersonsFirst responders will not treat the injured or begin evacuation until the threat is neutralizedYou need to explain this to others in an attempt to calm themOnce shooter is contained, officers will begin treatment and evacuationEvacuationSafety corridors will be established. This may be time consumingRemain in secure areas until instructed otherwiseYou may be searched. Leave your personal belongings You will be escorted out of the building by law enforcement personnel

What the Boss Sees

What Security Managers Want

What Security Managers See

What We Really See

Recommendations

CPTEDCrime Prevention Through Environmental DesignLimit opportunity for crime through strategic design choices, to include:VisibilityAccess ControlTerritorial ReinforcementTreat your facility as a security tool

CPTED Design GuidelinesNatural Surveillance“See and be seen”A person is less likely to commit a crime if they think someone will see them do itTerritorial ReinforcementUtilizes physical designsAccess ControlDirecting the flow of people to and from proper entrances while decreasing the opportunity for crimeMaintenance“Broken Window Theory”Preserving property to make it safer

Effective Access ControlSecurity breaches can happen from something as simple as a broken doorHow do you track who is on your property?Review visitor policiesPolicies verifying identificationArmed/Unarmed guard force training

Emergency PlansDoes your EAP address what to do during the time it takes police to respond?Analyze key stakeholdersWho is available?Who is capable of performing emergency duties?What specific responsibilities does each stakeholder have?Develop training to cover gaps in responsePractice, practice, practice!

AssessCurrent Active Shooter ResponseProgramKnown, Effective, Followed, Redundant Employee Assistance Program ( EAP)PolicyKnown, Followed, EnforcedProceduresNotification of Security Force and/or Law EnforcementRapid accountability of personnelRun, Hide or Fight

Threat IdentificationWays to quickly and effectively gather informationCan you answer the “Who, What, Why, Where and How?”

Who?Who is involved? DescriptionWho is notifying?

What?What is the incident? Active shooter vs. medical emergencyWhat are you needs? Fire, EMS or Police

Why?Intention of action General or specific targetMotivation? Not easy to know at onset of incident

Where?Facility locationLocation of shooter?Direction of approach

How?Weapons - Type Scoped rifle, automatic weapons, IEDsMobility Access to other areas or vehiclesPosition / Tactical advantage Fortification or high ground

Maximizing SafetySuperiorsDuring counseling / termination proceduresWithin parking facilityEmployeesDaily interaction Parking areaPoliciesVisitorsAccurate accountabilityLimited AccessEscort / Non-escortRally Points / Contact NumberEAP Drills

Continuity of Operations PlanningAccount for individuals at designated assembly pointDetermine a method for notifying familiesAssess psychological state of individualsRefer them to professionalsIdentify and replace critical personnel for operational essentials

Lessons LearnedCreate an after action reportIdentifying successes and failures Providing analysis of the existing EAP Making improvements to the EAP

Active Shooter Prevention Video27 Minute Free Video REMOVED FOR TIME CONSTRICTIONSVISIT:Free Active Shooter Prevention Training Video

Questions?